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Kuwait MOH Renal, Fluids & Electrolytes Practice Questions
This topic combines fluid balance, electrolyte imbalances and kidney care, including dialysis. Many questions include a lab value to interpret. Below are 5 free sample questions for the Kuwait MOH nursing exam, each with the answer and a rationale.
What this topic covers
- Fluid balance, dehydration and overload
- Potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium imbalances
- Acid-base interpretation
- Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease
- Haemodialysis fistula care and peritoneal dialysis
- Catheter care and UTI prevention
The full bank has 100 renal, fluids & electrolytes questions, part of 1,500 questions across 16 nursing topics.
Free Kuwait MOH renal, fluids & electrolytes questions
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Hypernatraemia
- B. Hyperkalaemia
- C. Hypercalcaemia
- D. Hypokalaemia
Show answer and rationale
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and can cause hyperkalaemia, especially with ACE inhibitors or kidney impairment. Loop and thiazide diuretics cause hypokalaemia.
Reference: Standard nursing pharmacology – spironolactone
2. Which organism most commonly causes community-acquired urinary tract infections?
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Candida albicans
- D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Show answer and rationale
E. coli, a bowel organism, causes the large majority of uncomplicated UTIs.
Reference: Lewis Medical-Surgical Nursing – urinary tract infection
3. Arterial blood gas results: pH 7.52, PaCO2 6.0 kPa (45 mmHg), HCO3− 34 mmol/L. Which condition is most likely to have caused this?
- A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
- B. Prolonged vomiting
- C. Severe diarrhoea
- D. Acute kidney injury
Show answer and rationale
High pH with high bicarbonate is metabolic alkalosis, commonly caused by loss of gastric acid through vomiting or nasogastric suction. DKA, diarrhoea and AKI cause metabolic acidosis.
Reference: Lewis Medical-Surgical Nursing – metabolic alkalosis
4. A patient taking phenazopyridine for UTI symptoms should be told to expect:
- A. Blue-green stools
- B. Ringing in the ears
- C. Yellow discolouration of the eyes
- D. Orange-red urine
Show answer and rationale
Phenazopyridine, a urinary analgesic, turns urine orange-red and can stain contact lenses and clothing. It relieves symptoms but does not treat infection.
Reference: Standard nursing pharmacology – phenazopyridine
5. A patient's potassium is 7.0 mmol/L and the ECG shows peaked T waves. Which prescribed medication should the nurse expect to give first to protect the heart?
- A. Oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate
- B. Intravenous furosemide
- C. Salbutamol by nebuliser
- D. Intravenous calcium gluconate
Show answer and rationale
IV calcium gluconate (or chloride) stabilises the cardiac cell membrane within minutes but does not lower potassium. Insulin with glucose and salbutamol shift potassium into cells; binders and diuretics remove it more slowly.
Reference: Lewis Medical-Surgical Nursing – hyperkalaemia management
Study tip
Memorise the normal potassium range and the ECG changes of high potassium. It is one of the most common exam questions.
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